What Are The Applications Of Laser In Medical Field？

With the rapid development of Laser Technology, the application of laser in the medical field has received more and more attention. Due to its advantages of non-contact, high precision, small damage, portability and flexible operation, laser medical treatment has greatly enriched the technical means of clinical medical treatment, gradually replaced traditional methods in the treatment of some diseases, and improved the overall medical industry. techinque level. At present, the market share of laser medical treatment is increasing continuously, and the development prospect is very broad.

Laser has extremely high coherence, monochromaticity and directivity, and can concentrate energy in a small space to achieve extreme light-matter interaction. In view of the fact that materials will melt and gasify after absorbing laser energy, lasers were first used in the processing of various materials, such as drilling, cutting and welding. Later, it was discovered that specific biological tissue structures can be heated up under laser irradiation, which can achieve the purpose of ablation and removal of harmful substances, thus giving birth to a new concept of laser medical treatment. Laser medical treatment has the advantages of non-contact, high precision, small damage, easy to carry and flexible operation, and has received extensive attention and research. After years of development, laser medicine has initially become a comprehensive interdisciplinary subject, playing an increasingly important role in the medical field. Laser medical treatment has been widely used in various medical disciplines since it was approved for clinical application by domestic and foreign drug regulatory authorities.

Due to its unique advantages, laser medical treatment has been accepted by more and more doctors and patients, and it has gradually replaced traditional treatment methods in the treatment of some diseases, and its market share is also increasing.

Medical Lasers
With the continuous improvement of laser performance, various parameters of lasers are increasingly optimized, such as the expansion of laser wavelength range, the increase of average power, the reduction of volume and the enhancement of system stability, etc., and the application range of lasers in the medical field is also increasing. The following table shows the application of lasers with different wavelengths, modes and powers in different diseases. Different from industrial lasers, medical lasers have specific requirements for lasers, such as laser wavelength, pulse width, working mode, output power, equipment size and safety monitoring, etc. In view of the differences in the absorption and penetration efficiency of different human tissues, lasers with different wavelengths need to be selected; for some high-precision therapeutic applications, it is necessary to strictly control the pulse width, working mode and output power; the laser should be small in size and light in weight , easy to carry and operate; for operations that need to extend the optical fiber into the body, the diameter of the optical fiber should be small enough; in order to reduce damage to normal tissues, the laser module should be equipped with temperature feedback, red light indication, optical power monitoring and optical fiber connection Input monitoring and other functions to ensure the stability of parameters during the treatment process.

Another important development direction of medical laser is ultrafast laser. Ultrafast lasers refer to ultrashort pulse lasers with a pulse width of picoseconds (10⁻¹² s) and below. Since the pulse width is smaller than the time scale of electron-lattice heat transfer in materials, the ablation mechanism of ultrafast lasers is different from that of traditional lasers. With significant differences, ultrafast laser can significantly reduce the thermal effect of surrounding tissue, and minimize the damage to surrounding tissue while accurately removing the tissue in the laser focus area, achieving "cold ablation". Ultrafast lasers are currently being used for ophthalmic and dermatological treatments that require high precision. With the continuous development of high-power and high-stability ultrafast lasers, ultrafast lasers will play an increasingly important role in the medical field in the future.

Medical Laser Control System
The control system of medical laser needs to meet the following requirements:

(1) Improve the accuracy of laser treatment. Surgical accuracy is an important prerequisite for the application of lasers in clinical medicine. Taking osteotomy surgery as an example, there are often large errors in osteotomy treatment, which are specifically reflected in the following aspects: In the preoperative prediction link, cephalometric tracing, cutting and matching In this method, the osteotomy trajectory is manually drawn by the doctor, which is inaccurate; during the operation, the osteotomy line is usually marked with a drill hole, but because the actual operation space is very small, and the psychological state of the operating doctor fluctuates, the manual drill hole will be different from that of the operator. There is a certain deviation in the design position. The design of the laser control system needs to reduce uncertain manual operations as much as possible: for example, trajectory design and tracing based on fully digital and automated solutions, and osteotomy line calibration using intelligent robots or manipulators, etc.

(2) Improve operation efficiency. Too long operation time is likely to cause risk, therefore, operation efficiency is also an important evaluation index. The medical laser control system should formulate the best surgical procedures, improve the response speed of the system, and reduce redundant and unnecessary manual confirmation and intervention operations. On the other hand, medical staff may not be good at operating electronic equipment. Therefore, the design of medical laser control system should not be too complicated, and should be easy for doctors to operate.

(3) Ensure stability and security. Compared with industrial production, medical systems put forward higher requirements for the stability and safety of equipment. The instability and uncontrollable behavior of any machine may cause the failure of the operation and even endanger the patient's body. The underlying logic of the medical laser control system should be as simple and robust as possible, and undergo systematic and long-term testing to eliminate all uncontrollable factors. In addition, the medical laser system should also have the ability to deal with emergencies, be able to terminate the procedure in time, and avoid causing harm to the patient.

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